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代词是用来代替名词的词。代词可以用作句子中的主语、直接宾语、间接宾语、介词宾语，可以代替任何人、动物、地方或事物。代词包括以下几种类型：人称代词，关系代词，指示代词，反身代词，疑问代词，物主代词。
| 代词的种类 | 代词的作用 | 代词的例子 |
|---|---|---|
| 人称代词 |
指代人、地点、事物或想法 |
I, me, she, we, us, them, it, you, they |
| 关系代词 |
指代句子中的另一个名词，用以添加更多信息 |
Who, whom, whose, which, that, when, where |
| 指示代词 |
指代已经提到的名词 |
This, that, these, those, such, none, neither |
| 不定代词 |
指代未指明或非特指的名词 |
Anybody, everybody, nobody, somebody, anyone, everyone, no one, someone, anything, everything, nothing, something |
| 反身代词 |
自指主语，作为句子的宾语使用 |
Myself, yourself, yourselves, ourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| 疑问代词 |
用于发起问题，问的是关于某个特定名词的情况 |
Who, what, which, whose |
| 物主代词 |
表示名词的所有权关系 |
My, our, your, his, her, its, their |
人称代词用于指代特定的语法人称，包括第一人称（I）、第二人称（you）、第三人称（he, she, it, they）。根据所指代名词的性别和数量等情况的不同，人称代词具有不同的形式。人称代词包括I, you, he, she, it, we they, me, him, her, us, them。
- Example
- She is clever.
- Example
- Did you make a reservation for three?
- Example
- I hope you will invite them to the party.
如果在句子中没有明确说明名词，代词对不同的人或事物的指代可能就不够清晰。当在句子中使用代词时，应当先使用先行词，让读者知道代词指的是什么。先行词是指在句子开头提到的名词或名词短语，它在句子的后面用代词代替。
- Example
- Sam drank most of the juice that he bought.
- Example
- The team has tried its best to achieve success.
- Example
- Many people lost their jobs because of the economic slowdown.
- Example
- If you arrive late to the play, she won't let you in.
- Example
- Sam sent a letter to Mark addressing the problems he encountered during his first year at school.
关系代词用于连接关系分句和独立分句，以进一步描述相关的人或事物。关系代词直接放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。关系代词包括Who, whom, whose, which, that, when, where。
- Example
- Is the man who came to look for you your father?
- Example
- She likes books that tell stories of famous people.
- Example
- That store, where we usually buy our groceries, is closed for the holidays.
什么时候使用“who”或“whom”，有时会让人混淆。虽然这两个词都是代词，但它们的用法不同。“Who”用作句子的主语，而“whom”用作动词或介词的宾语。
- Incorrect
- Whom should be elected as the leader?
- Correct
- Who should be elected as the leader?
- Incorrect
- He is the person to who I am married.
- Correct
- He is the person to whom I am married.
- Incorrect
- You didn’t specify the officer who I should give this form to.
- Correct
- You didn’t specify the officer to whom I should give this form.
指示代词用指句子中特定的人或物。这些代词也可以用来表示时间和空间的多少程度。指示代词包括This, that, these, those, such, none, neither。
- Example
- He is late again. That boy is really getting on my nerves.
- Example
- She loves all kinds of sports. These include badminton and soccer.
- Example
- I don't like math or science. Neither is fun.
不定代词用指不确定或泛指的人或物。与不定冠词类似，这些代词用来指代不确定的人或物。不定代词包括Anybody, everybody, nobody, somebody, anyone, everyone, no one, someone, anything, everything, nothing, something。
- Example
- No one likes to have to beg for something.
- Example
- Everyone is welcome to join the class.
- Example
- Anything is possible only if you keep trying.
反身代词用于指代句子的主语。反身代词以“-self”（单数）或“-selves”（复数）结尾。反身代词包括Myself, yourself, yourselves, ourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves。
- Example
- I saw myself in the mirror.
- Example
- The book itself isn't difficult, but it's not fun to read.
- Example
- They recommend this movie even though they have never seen it themselves.
疑问代词用于发起提问。疑问代词包括Who, what, which, whose。
- Example
- Which essay did you like the best?
- Example
- Whose bag is this?
物主代词用来表示某人或某物对事物的拥有关系。物主代词包括My, our, your, his, her, its, their。使用这些代词可以避免重复用词，使句子更为简洁。
- Example
-
I don't know where my sneakers went, so my sister lent me her sneakers.
I don't know where my sneakers went, so my sister lent me hers.
- Example
-
Your plan sounds just as exciting as my plan.
Your plan sounds just as exciting as mine.
